Responding to the the increasing demands, the EOR Companies India are facing a tough time as they are constantly challenged to develop the new and improved products. The companies have to constantly upgrade their technology to optimise the extraction by primary and secondary methods.
Before understanding about EOR Companies India, let us go through EOR and its various types and techniques-
What is EOR
EOR is an acronym for Enhanced oil recovery, sometimes also called tertiary recovery, which is the deracination of unrefined oil from an oil field that cannot be extracted in another way. EOR can deracinate 30% to 60% or more of a reservoir’s oil, contrast to 20% to 40% using primary and secondary recovery.
Types of EOR
In conformity with USDE, there are 3 primary techniques for EOR, namely, thermal, gas injection, and chemical injection. More advanced, theoretical EOR methods are sometimes called quaternary recovery.
Techniques to recover oil
There are 3 basic methods of Enhanced Oil Recovery and those are Gas Injection, Thermal Injection and Chemical Injection.
Gas Injection: Gas Injection is also known as miscible flooding which uses gases such as N2, natural gas, or carbon dioxide (CO2), accounts for nearly 60 % of EOR production in India. This is the majorly used way in enhanced oil recovery. This method is called miscible flooding because it introduces the fluid in the reservoir. Hence it’s a common term for injection processes. A disc. procedure maintains the pressure inside the reservoir and increases the quality of oil displacement because the tension between the faces between oil and water is reduced to a great extent. Here the interacting fluids are oil and water and the interface between the two is removed. The above-mentioned gases, viz., nitrogen, carbon dioxide and natural gas are used. The most common gas used for the displacement(miscible) is carbon dioxide as it reduces the viscosity of the oil and is cheaper than LPG. Displacement of oil with the injection of carbon dioxide depends on the behaviour the mixture in a particular phase which in turn is dependent on internal factors like temperature, pressure and unrefined or rather, crude oil’s composition within the reservoir.
Thermal Injection: It involves the introduction of heat, which leads to 35% production of the crude oil in India.
Chemical Injection: Chemical Injection involves the use of long-chained polymers, resulting in 1 % production of EOR. This includes methods such as Polymer Flooding, Microbial Injection, Liquid Carbon Dioxide Superfluids, Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) and the newest Russian based Plasma-Pulse method which has resulted in the production of another 50% in good production already existing.
The penetration of various fluids, which are low concentrated, have been used to help mobility and the decrease in tension at the surface. The penetration of basic or acidic solutions into reservoirs with oil that have acids, organic in nature occurring in the oil by nature will give rise in the production of cleansing materials that will decrease the tension between the faces enough to give rise to production. Penetration of a low concentration of a polymer miscible in water rises the viscosity of the penetrated water and can raise the amount of oil that has been recovered in any form. Unconcentrated solutions of surfactants such as petroleum sulfonates or biosurfactants such as rhamnolipids may be penetrated to decrease the tension between the faces or pressure that handicaps droplets of oil from moving in a reservoir. Unique formations of oil, water and surfactant, microemulsions, can be effective in particular in this. Application of these procedures is usually constraint by the price of the chemicals and their absorption and give away onto the rock of the oil containing formation. In all of these methods, the chemicals are penetrated into several wells and the result occurs in other nearby wells.
The new vapour flooding technique in EOR Companies India
In this method, EOR Companies India use various ways to raise the temperature of the crude oil in the production to decrease the viscosity or/and vaporize is a segment of the oil and thus reduce the mobility ratio. The increase in heat decreases the tension at the surface and highs the permeability of the fluid, i.e., oil. The heated fluid may also turn into vapour and then condense forming more of refined oil.
Economic Costs and Benefits of EOR Companies India
Increasing the methods of recovering oil adds to the cost price of the oil especially in the case of carbon dioxide typically between INR 35 – 575 per 1000 kg. The increased production of oil has monetary benefit with the profit depending on the existing market. The cost of oil is dependant on many factors which in turn determines the feasibility of that procedure and more expensive methods being economically feasible at higher money.
It has been agreed that the use of captured, artificial carbon dioxide, derived from the burning of lignite coal reserves, to drive the generation of electricity and support EOR offers a multidimensional solution to Indian energy, nature related, and economic challenges. There is no doubt that these resources of oil and coal are limited. For the coal market, CO2 EOR creates a profit for the consumers by reducing the storage costs of the prior.
CO2 – Project of EOR Companies India
As per reports, currently, there aren’t any carbon dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery processes and storages in India which provides momentum for the expansion of such policies for oil recovery and climate change reduction.
Environmental impacts
The production of large quantities of water is done by EOR wells. This water contains unwanted and harmful materials like toxins, heavy metals, and radioactive substances which are damaging to drinking water sources and the environment in general, if not properly looked after. By letting off the wastewater, it prevents the contamination of the topmost soil by proper disposal of wells. Strict regulations in India are required for injection well activity in order to protect and conserve drinking water sources.